迭代法建立的低频模型在储层反演中的应用     

王伟  李炳颖  黄鑫  陈易周 《中国地质调查》2021,8(1):125-133

储层预测的精度直接制约着油气开发的经济性与有效性,而低频信息的补偿是改善储层反演效果的有利途径之一。常规的测井曲线内插低通滤波建模方法难以精细表征复杂地质背景下的低频模型。为降低研究区特殊地质体对储层反演带来的影响,采用迭代法建立低频模型,建模中分步考虑压实作用、特殊岩性等因素影响,并通过反演效果不断迭代更新低频模型,最终准确建立反映不同岩性(包含火山岩)的反演低频模型。研究表明: 该方法能够保证储层反演结果的可靠性,为储层精细描述提供了资料; 同时基于反演结果,对东海西湖凹陷W气田主力层(P1)有利储层进行重新刻画,优化了开发井水平段的位置,该井实施结果证实钻遇了优质储层。用迭代法建立的低频模型为复杂地质背景地区储层预测提供了一种更有效的建模方法。  相似文献   

Root‐zone moisture replenishment in a native vegetated catchment under Mediterranean climate     

Xiang Xu  Huade Guan  Grzegorz Skrzypek  Craig T. Simmons 《水文研究》2019,33(18):2394-2407

The root‐zone moisture replenishment mechanisms are key unknowns required to understand soil hydrological processes and water sources used by plants. Temporal patterns of root‐zone moisture replenishment reflect wetting events that contribute to plant growth and survival and to catchment water yield. In this study, stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of twigs and throughfall were continuously monitored to characterize the seasonal variations of the root‐zone moisture replenishment in a native vegetated catchment under Mediterranean climate in South Australia. The two studied hillslopes (the north‐facing slope [NFS] and the south‐facing slope [SFS]) had different environmental conditions with opposite aspects. The twig and throughfall samples were collected every ~20 days over 1 year on both hillslopes. The root‐zone moisture replenishment, defined as percentage of newly replenished root‐zone moisture as a complement to antecedent moisture for plant use, calculated by an isotope balance model, was about zero (±25% for the NFS and ± 15% for the SFS) at the end of the wet season (October), increased to almost 100% (±26% for the NFS and ± 29% for the SFS) after the dry season (April and May), then decreased close to zero (±24% for the NFS and ± 28% for the SFS) in the middle of the following wet season (August). This seasonal pattern of root‐zone moisture replenishment suggests that the very first rainfall events of the wet season were significant for soil moisture replenishment and supported the plants over wet and subsequent dry seasons, and that NFS completed replenishment over a longer time than SFS in the wet season and depleted the root zone moisture quicker in the dry season. The stable oxygen isotope composition of the intraevent samples and twigs further confirms that rain water in the late wet season contributed little to root‐zone moisture. This study highlights the significant role of the very first rain events in the early wet season for ecosystem and provides insights to understanding ecohydrological separation, catchment water yield, and vegetation response to climate changes.  相似文献   

断裂带首波研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

杨微 《地震工程学报》2019,41(6):1407-1418

断裂带首波是沿着存在物性差异界面传播的一种地震折射波,在传播过程中携带了断裂带的重要信息,对分析和研究断裂带以及附近区域的精细结构提供了一种新的分析方法。本文主要阐述断裂带首波的产生原理、波形特征、识别及分析方法等,介绍目前国际上识别及利用断裂带首波开展断裂带特征方面的研究现状,并针对地震危险区域存在物性差异的断裂带,提出可结合密集台阵观测技术,利用断裂带首波进行断裂带精细结构探测及其变化监测研究,提高潜在孕震环境及发生机理的认识水平。  相似文献   

京西北地区地震重定位及构造特征     

刘燕翔  卫俊  李金  王妍  李峰  王曰风  蔡玲玲 《地震地磁观测与研究》2019,41(1):19-24

采用双差定位法对京西北地区（39.5°—41.5° N，113°—117° E）2013年1月1日至2017年12月31日6 223次有效地震进行精确定位，得到该区震源分布的精细图像和震源深度剖面图。结果显示，重新定位后地震的水平分布更集中，沿断裂带分布特征更加明显，震中在断裂带呈更明显的条带状、簇状分布，地震与线状的深浅断裂构造的关系密切；大部分地震发生在中上地壳，震源分布为典型震源密集区的空间形态，呈纵深约15 km、直径20—40 km的近圆形“厚饼状”。  相似文献   

Water mining from the deep critical zone by apple trees growing on loess     

Huijie Li  Bingcheng Si  Pute Wu  Jeffrey J. McDonnell 《水文研究》2019,33(2):320-327

There have been significant recent advances in understanding the ecohydrology of deep soil. However, the links between root development and water usage in the deep critical zone remains poorly understood. To clarify the interaction between water use and root development in deep soil, we investigated soil water and root profiles beyond maximum rooting depth in five apple orchards planted on farmland with stand ages of 8, 11, 15, 18, and 22 years in a subhumid region on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Apple trees rooted progressively deeper for water with increasing stand age and reached 23.2 ± 0.8 m for the 22‐year‐old trees. Soil water deficit in deep soil increased with tree age and was 1,530 ± 43 mm for a stand age of 22 years. Measured root deepening rate was far great than the reported pore water velocity, which demonstrated that trees are mining resident old water. The deficits are not replenished during the life‐span of the orchard, showing a one‐way mining of the critical zone water. The one‐way root water mining may have changed the fine root profile from an exponential pattern in the 8‐year‐old orchard to a relative uniform distribution in older orchards. Our findings enhance our understanding of water‐root interaction in deep soil and reveal the unintended consequences of critical zone dewatering during the lifespan of apple trees.  相似文献   

一种顾及精细层级的室内拓扑模型     

黄鸿  赵志鹏  张磊 《测绘通报》2019,(10):155-159

针对室内精细化管理的需求，提出了一种顾及精细层级的室内拓扑模型。该模型首先将室内空间构件分为“主体对象-连通对象-虚拟对象”三种类型；接着以主体对象为基准，在垂直方向上又将室内空间划分为“楼栋-楼层-房间-设备”4个级别，并抽象出虚拟对象实现对对象的二次划分；然后针对同级别对象和跨级别对象建立了拓扑组织规则；最后结合三维引擎Cesium.js对模型进行了管理可视化验证。结果表明，该数据模型能够有效地满足精细场景的数据管理需求。  相似文献   

Influence of Soil Nutrient Heterogeneity and Competition on Sprouting and Ramets Growth of Alternanthera philoxeroides     

Hongwei Yu  Nan Shen  Xin Guan  Siqi Yu  Dan Yu  Chunhua Liu 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(2)

  相似文献   

Provenance discrimination of fine sediments by mid-infrared spectroscopy: Calibration and application to fluvial palaeo-environmental reconstruction     

Stoil Chapkanski  Damien Ertlen  Claire Rambeau  Laurent Schmitt 《Sedimentology》2020,67(2):1114-1134

Determining sediment provenance allows a better understanding of fluvial palaeo-dynamics, and identifying involved watersheds, at broad spatio-temporal scales. Conventional approaches for source identification are usually based on the physical, mineralogical, geochemical, magnetic or isotopic properties of sediments. Rapid, non-destructive and, in well-established contexts, highly accurate, mid-infrared spectroscopy is an alternative method for investigating sediment sources. The present research objectives are: (i) to use the mid-infrared spectroscopy method to discriminate the provenance of fine sediments, by applying discriminant analysis on a large set of reference samples from three different watersheds in the Upper Rhine area (associated with the Rhine, Ill and Vosges tributaries); (ii) to clarify whether the provenance spectra signatures are influenced by riverine depositional contexts (bars versus banks) and, to some extent, by grain size and/or high organic matter content; and (iii) to apply the mid-infrared spectroscopy – discriminant analysis method to a study of fluvial palaeo-dynamics and determine the provenance of palaeo-channel infillings. Three main sedimentary sources, divided into eight sub-categories, have been characterized by 196 modern reference samples from 78 collecting sites. Discriminant analysis displayed a strong separating power by classifying correctly the origin of samples without any inter-group overlap, independently from the geomorphological context (bar or bank) and associated slight changes in organic matter contents or grain size. Mid-infrared spectroscopy – discriminant analysis investigations of the palaeo-channel infill, complemented by radiocarbon dates and mineralogical data, allowed reconstructing general trends for the local morpho-sedimentary dynamics over the last ca 12 millennia.  相似文献   

Varying water utilization of Haloxylon ammodendron plantations in a desert‐oasis ecotone          下载免费PDF全文

Hai Zhou  Wenzhi Zhao  Gefei Zhang 《水文研究》2017,31(4):825-835

Haloxylon ammodendron is a desert shrub used extensively in China for restoring degraded dry lands. An understanding of the water source used by H. ammodendron plantations is critical achieving sustainable vegetation restoration. We measured mortality, shoot size, and rooting depth in 5‐, 10‐, 20‐, and 40‐year‐old H. ammodendron plantations. We examined stable isotopic ratios of oxygen (δ¹⁸O) in precipitation, groundwater, and soil water in different soil layers and seasons, and in plant stem water to determine water sources at different shrub ages. We found that water acquisition patterns in H. ammodendron plantations differed with plantation age and season. Thus, the main water source for 5‐year‐old shrubs was shallow soil water. Water sources of 10‐year‐old shrubs shifted depending on the soil water conditions during the season. Although their tap roots could absorb deep soil water, the plantation main water sources were from soil water, and about 50% of water originated from shallow and mid soil. This pattern might occur because main water sources in these plantations were changeable over time. The 20‐ and 40‐year‐old shrubs acquired water mainly from permanent groundwater. We conclude that the main water source of a young H. ammodendron plantation was soil water recharged by precipitation. However, when roots reached sufficient depth, water originated mainly from the deep soil water, especially in the dry season. The deeply rooted 20‐ and 40‐year‐old shrubs have the ability to exploit a deep and reliable water source. To achieve sustainability in these plantations, we recommend a reduction in the initial density of H. ammodendron in the desert‐oasis ecotone to decelerate the consumption of shallow soil water during plantation establishment.  相似文献   

Deep soil water dynamics in an undisturbed primary forest in central Amazonia: Differences between normal years and the 2005 drought   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Elisângela Broedel  Javier Tomasella  Luiz Antônio Cândido  Celso von Randow 《水文研究》2017,31(9):1749-1759

Understanding how Amazonian rainforests deal with extended droughts is critical in the face of changing climate. This research analyze the physical properties and the soil water dynamics of a deep soil profile in an area of primary forest in central Amazonia to elucidate these processes under drought and nondrought conditions. Physical soil properties derived from soil cores exhibited a distinctive layer between 480 and 880 cm deep, characterized by higher microporosity and low plant water availability. In situ soil moisture measurements collected during the period from January 2003 through February 2006 and for depths ranging from 10 to 1,430 cm suggest that, in the study site, the top 480 cm of the soil profile satisfied most of the transpirational demands in normal climatological years. However, during exceptionally dry periods, such as the 2005 drought, root uptake occurs below 480 cm. As concluded by previous studies, most of the uptake is concentrated in the first meter of the soil profile: More than 40% of the total demand for transpiration is supplied by the top meter of soil. Because deep root uptake occurred at greater depths than normal during the 2005 drought, our results suggest that this is a fundamental mechanism to cope with prolonged droughts.  相似文献